Photon Source for Promoting the Growth and Maturation Rate of Members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms

ABSTRACT

A photon source for promoting the growth and maturation rate of members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms comprises a new luminous power source that provides the full range of light spectra by mimicking sunlight in a sunfleck (dappled) pattern by exciting xenon gas inside of an enclosed glass tube in instantaneous pulsed sequences. The micro-dose pulse penetrates the leaf strata to reach the maximum amount of photon processing pigments, provides the energy required for growth by enhancing photosynthetic plant functions, and significantly reducing production energy consumption. The pulse also allows the plant or Protista&#39;s photon processing compounds to process the photosynthesis reaction before the next flash, which allows for optimal use of the energy provided. The pulsed lighting sequences reduce energy consumption by up to 90%, and this makes it an excellent application for solar, wind or other green energy power thus reducing carbon footprint and making it the future of the CEA industry.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. 63/350,070, filed Jun. 8, 2022,and U.S. 63/350,075, filed Jun. 8, 2022, each of which is incorporatedby reference herein in its entirety by this reference thereto.

FIELD

This invention relates to a photon source for promoting the growth andmaturation rate of members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms.

BACKGROUND

Members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms in their naturalenvironment require space, proper temperature, light, water, air,nutrients, and time for optimal growth. Optimal growth may also beachieved in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) using well-knownproducts such as irrigation systems, heating and cooling systems,fertilizer, humidifiers, and artificial grow lights. Advantageously,products such as automatic watering systems and artificial grow lightsmay optimize plant growth in settings such as a greenhouse resulting infaster plant growth, as well as increased nutrition consumption andflower production.

Consumer demand for fresh fruits, vegetables, and horticultural cropsproduced in CEA is growing at a compounded rate of >20%. The growth ofCEA is confronted with two major issues:

-   -   High production cost; and    -   A growing carbon footprint.

Precise process control, for example providing additional lightthroughout the growing season, is a major CEA requirement to ensure asuccessful harvest. Without added light, the success of CEA is dependenton nature. Variations in weather and the changing of seasons can wreakhavoc on the production schedule of CEA crops. To try and stabilize thisimportant critical growing variable, the industry has adapted variouslighting methods over the past 50 years but such approaches haverequired large amounts of energy demand which has created a large carbonfootprint for the CEA industry.

There is a continuing need for a lighting system that is user-friendly,modular, adaptable, and customizable, that stimulates optimal growth ofmembers of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms, and that reduces thecarbon footprint of such systems by minimizing energy usage.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the invention provide a photon source for promoting thegrowth and maturation rate of members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms. In embodiments of the invention, a new luminous photon sourceprovides the full range of electromagnetic spectra by mimicking sunlightin a sunfleck (dappled) pattern by exciting xenon gas inside of anenclosed glass tube in instantaneous pulsed sequences, referred toherein as micro-doses. The pulse penetrates the leaf strata and providesthe energy required for growth by enhancing photosynthetic plantfunctions and greatly reducing production energy consumption. The pulsealso allows the plant to process the photosynthesis reaction before thenext flash. The pulsed lighting sequences reduce energy consumption byup to 90%, making it an excellent application for use with a solar powersource, thus reducing carbon footprint.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a photon source for promoting thegrowth and maturation rate of members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a top-plan view of the photon source for promoting the growthand maturation rate of members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms ofFIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view of the photon source for promoting thegrowth and maturation rate of members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a right-side elevational view of the photon source forpromoting the growth and maturation rate of members of the Plantae andProtista Kingdoms of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of the photon source for promotingthe growth and maturation rate of members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 shows an integrated lighting control system that is adapted toallow the user to control the components of the photon source forpromoting the growth and maturation rate of members of the Plantae andProtista Kingdoms according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the photon source for promotingthe growth and maturation rate of members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms according to an embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 8 is a graph showing an exemplary electromagnetic spectrum producedby a grow light superimposed over the spectrum of photons produced bythe photon source.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the invention provide a photon source for promoting thegrowth and maturation rate of members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms in which the photon source comprises a strobe and grow lightsystem. In particular embodiments, the members of the Plantae andProtista Kingdoms may include any vegetable plant, fruit-bearing plant,ornamentals, or any species that falls under the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms of taxonomy. It should be understood that other types ofmembers of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms may also be cultivatedusing the system, as desired.

As discussed herein, the photon source may comprise a pulsed lightsource such as a strobe or it may comprise both the pulsed light sourceand a grow light. While FIGS. 1-5 show a combined pulsed light sourceand grow light, some embodiments of the invention comprise only a pulsedlight source. Significantly, the pulsed light source generatesmicro-doses of photons that promote the growth and maturation rate ofmembers of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms, as discussed in detailbelow. The grow light can be provided to complement the effect of thepulsed photon source by supplementing available light or providing lightfor plant growth, as discussed in detail below.

Referring to FIGS. 1-5 , in which FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of acombined strobe and grow light system according to one embodiment of theinvention, FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the combined strobe and growlight system of FIG. 1 , FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view thereof, FIG. 4 isa right side elevational view thereof, and FIG. 5 is a front elevationalview thereof, various embodiments of a combined strobe and grow lightsystem 100 are shown.

The combined strobe and grow light system 100 may include a main body102, a strobe assembly 104, a grow light 106, an electrical connector108, and an integrated lighting control system 110. The combined strobeand grow light system 100 may be configured to work in concert with oneor more combined strobe and grow light systems 100 that may be arrangedin various configurations relative to one another and relative to one ormore members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms. One of ordinary skillin the art may include any number and configuration of combined strobeand grow light systems 100, as desired.

It should be understood that the main body 102 may be formed using anysuitable durable material or combination of materials. In certainembodiments, the main body 102 may be fabricated using a water-resistantmaterial, such as metal or plastic, as non-limiting examples. The mainbody 102 may include a combination of materials, as desired. The mainbody 102 may be any suitable shape and size. In certain embodiments, theshape, size, and configuration of the main body 102 may be adjustable bya user, as needed.

The main body 102 may have a front panel 112, a rear panel 114, a toppanel 116, a bottom panel 118, and at least one side panel 120,according to certain embodiments.

The front panel 112, rear panel 114, top panel 116, bottom panel 118,and at least one side panel 120 may be integral with one another or maybe permanently or removably connected to one another using any suitablemeans such as screws or welding, as non-limiting examples. One or morelabels 122 may be disposed on the outer surface 124 of the main body102. As non-limiting examples, label 122 may include safety information,identifying information, operation instructions, or any other relevantinformation, as needed.

One or both of the front panel 112 and the rear panel 114 may includethe electrical connector 108. In certain embodiments, an electricalsocket may be disposed on one or both of the front panel 112 and therear panel 114. Alternatively, an electrical plug may be disposed on oneor both of the front panel 112 and the rear panel 114. A cable connectormay also be used, as another non-limiting example, as determined by oneof skill in the art. It should be understood that the electricalconnector 108 may be disposed on or connected to any part of the mainbody 102, as desired.

According to one more particular embodiment, an electrical connector 108disposed on a front panel 112 of a first combined strobe and grow lightsystem 100 may be adapted to form an electrical connection with anelectrical connector 108 disposed on a rear panel 114 of a secondcombined strobe and grow light system 100. In an alternative embodiment,the first and second combined strobe and grow light systems 100 mayinclude identical electrical connectors 108 on the front panels 112 andthe rear panels 114, and an electrical cord may be used to form anelectrical connection between the first and second combined strobe andgrow light systems 100. In yet another embodiment, an electrical cordmay extend from one of the front and rear panels 112, 114 of the firstcombined strobe and grow light system 100 and may be adapted to pluginto a wall socket and/or a socket disposed on the second combinedstrobe and grow light system 100. A skilled artisan may electricallyconnect any desired number and configuration of combined strobe and growlight systems 100.

At least one end panel 112 may include one or more vent holes 126 or anyother suitable ventilation mechanism adapted to permit airflow in andout of the main body 102, as needed. In addition, vent holes 126 may beincluded to prevent moisture from damaging electrical components housedwithin the main body 102 of the combined strobe and grow light system100. According to certain embodiments, the vent holes 126 may beintegral to the main body 102. According to certain alternativeembodiments, independent ventilation mechanisms, such as screws orsnap-fit vents (not shown), may be permanently or removably attached tothe outer surface 124 of the main body 102. A skilled artisan may selectany suitable type, size, and number of vent holes 126 or otherventilation mechanisms, as desired.

The strobe assembly 104 may be disposed in, permanently or removablyconnected to, or otherwise affixed to the bottom panel 118 of the mainbody 102. The strobe assembly 104 may extend outwardly away from thebottom panel 118 of the main body 102, as determined by one of skill inthe art. In certain embodiments, one or more strobe assembly 104 may beconnected to one or more of the front panels 112, rear panel 114, toppanel 116, bottom panel 118, and at least one side panel 120. A skilledartisan may include any number of strobe assemblies 104 in anyconfiguration, as desired.

In embodiments, the strobe assembly 104 may include a bulb (not shown)and a lens 176 (see FIGS. 6 and 7 ). In embodiments, the bulb may have acolor light temperature rating of about 5,600 Kelvin. Because agreenhouse environment may be subject to fire, especially where thephoton source generates significant heat, it is preferred that the lens176 should pass 8800 UL testing for flammability. A filter 180 may beselected to help promote the growth and maturation rate of members ofthe Plantae and Protista Kingdoms, for example by allowing thetransmission of photons having wavelengths in the UVA (315-400 nm), UVB(280-315 nm), and IR (700-2200 nm) spectra.

The strobe assembly 104 is selected to provide the desired intensity,frequency, and wavelength of light to one or more members of the Plantaeand Protista Kingdoms. The intensity, frequency, and wavelength of thelight may be selected based on the specific needs of the species of theplant with which the system is used. Likewise, the strobe assembly 104may be modified or customized to be used with different species ofmembers of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms. One of ordinary skill inthe art may select the intensity, frequency, and wavelength of the lightprovided by the strobe assembly 104, as desired. Significantly anduniquely, embodiments of the invention operate the strobe assembly 104to administer micro-doses of photons to the members of the Plantae andProtista Kingdoms. This aspect of the invention is discussed in greaterdetail below.

In the embodiments of the invention, the strobe assembly 104 iscomprised of the strobed high-intensity light 104 and a lens 176 (seeFIGS. 6 and 7 ). In embodiments of the invention, the strobe assembly104, without a filter, generates strobed high-intensity light that isgreater than about 1,000 PPF (43,478 lumens or 23,625 candela), but lessthan 20,000 PPF (869,565 lumens or 472,512 candela). In the embodimentsof the invention, these numbers can be adjusted using several types offilters 176 over the lens, such as an IR filter which would drop the PPFto 0. The strobe assembly 104 itself still produces the peak PPF, but itis not visible due to the presence of the filter.

In addition to selecting a desired intensity, frequency, and wavelength,the strobe assembly 104 can also be located at alternative distancesfrom the subject plant. The strobe assembly 104 may be located closer tothe plant to increase light concentration for the plant. The strobeassembly 104 may likewise be located farther from the plant to decreaselight concentration for the plant. Where the strobe assembly 104 islocated farther from the plant, it should be appreciated that a singlestrobe assembly 104 may provide lighting to a broader area and more ofthe members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms, at a lower intensity.

As discussed above, FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the combined strobe andgrow light system of FIG. 1 , and FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view thereof.The grow light 106 may be disposed in, permanently or removablyconnected to, or otherwise affixed to the bottom panel 118 of the mainbody 102. The grow light 106 may extend outwardly away from the bottompanel 118 of the main body 102, as determined by one of skill in the artor it may extend linearly on either side of one or more strobe assembly.In certain embodiments, one or more grow lights 106 may be connected toone or more of the front panels 112, rear panel 114, top panel 116,bottom panel 118, and at least one side panel 120. A skilled artisan mayinclude any number of grow lights 106 in any configuration, as desired.

In a more particular embodiment, the bottom panel 118 of the main body102 of the combined strobe and grow light system 100 may have the strobeassembly 104 disposed centrally on or extending through the bottom panel118, as well as a first grow light 128 and a second grow light 130, asshown in FIG. 5 , disposed on either side of the strobe assembly 104, asshown in FIGS. 3-5 , and positioned on or extending through the bottompanel 118. It should be understood that any number and configuration ofstrobe assembly 104 and grow lights 106 may be included in the combinedstrobe and grow light system 100.

In the exemplary photon source, as discussed in greater detail below,any combination of strobe assembly 104 and grow lights 106 may be used.As non-limiting examples, any combination of fluorescent lights, Xenonlights, halogen lights, HPS lights, and LED lights including variouscolors such as violet, blue, green, and red may be used. In certainembodiments, one or both of the strobe assembly 104 and the grow light106 may include and/or be capable of displaying more than one type oflight or color of light, as desired. For example, the lighting systemsmay be based in part on those systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos.6,050,700, 9,295,201, and 9,756,794, which patents are incorporatedherein in their entirety by this reference thereto.

FIG. 6 shows an integrated lighting controller and power source 110 thatis adapted to allow the user to control the components of the combinedstrobe and grow light system 100 quickly and easily. The controller andpower source 110 may be housed within the main body 102 according tocertain embodiments. According to certain alternative embodiments, thecontroller and power source 110 may be housed remotely and/or disposedon the outer surface 124 (see FIG. 1 ) of the main body 102, asdetermined by one of skill in the art. In other embodiments, thecontroller and power source may be situated at different locations, e.g.the power source may be located within the main body 102 and thecontroller may be located remotely, etc. The controller may also beembedded into the power source in embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the photon source for promotingthe growth and maturation rate of members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms according to an embodiment of the invention. The lightingcontrol system 110 may include as one non-limiting example, a controller172 and power source 174. The lighting control system 110 may include orbe in communication with other components such as a user interface 170which may comprise any of a keypad/display or an app on a hand-held orother device, a wireless interface such as a Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, RFIDtransceiver, etc., a remote control, a timer and/or clock, a visualinterface, and a power switch, as non-limiting examples. Additionalcomponents configured to control, adjust, and automate the variouslighting features of the combined strobe and grow light systems 100 suchas dimmers, alarms, and safety features (not shown) may also beincluded, as desired. In other embodiments, the controller may receivefeedback 178 from growth monitoring or other environmental sensors inthe greenhouse which may provide signals to operate the photon sourceadaptively.

In a particular embodiment, the controller 172 comprises a processor forreceiving processor-executable instructions. The controller 172 may alsoinclude a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable storage medium inwhich the processor-executable instructions are stored or otherwiseembodied. The processor may be in communication with thecomputer-readable storage medium, for purposes of executing theprocessor-executable instructed embodied thereon. It should beappreciated that other types of controllers may also be used within thescope of the disclosure.

The controller 172 may also be in communication with at least one sensor(not shown), which may inform the controller when the predeterminedcycling time is to begin or end. For example, at least one sensor may bea photosensitive eye or light sensor that detects the presence of asufficient amount of natural lighting where at least one strobe assemblyand/or grow light may be cycled off, or a presence of an insufficientamount of natural lighting where the at least strobe assembly and/orgrow light may be cycled on. In other embodiments, at least one sensormeasures an absence of a sufficient amount of moisture or water in theplant environment, in which case the exposure to the strobedhigh-intensity lighting is minimized to militate against an undesirabledrying of the plant. Other types of sensors may also be in communicationwith the controller, as desired.

In operation, the user places the combined strobe and grow light system100 at a desired location above, next to, or under a plant or groupmember of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms. The user may connect anynumber of combined strobe and grow light systems 100 and place them inany configuration relative to the members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms, as desired. The user may then, using the remote, the visualinterface, and/or any other input and output devices, activate,deactivate, automate, and otherwise manipulate the strobe assembly 104and grow light 106, as desired.

Embodiments of the invention include at least one combined strobe andgrow light system 100 disposed adjacent to the plant. In certainembodiments, at least one combined strobe and grow light system 100 issuspended above the plant. In some examples, at least one combinedstrobe and grow light system 100 may be suspended with a non-rigidconnector such as a cord, cable, strap, or chain, as non-limitingexamples. In other examples, at least one combined strobe and grow lightsystem 100 may be suspended above the plant with a rigid connector suchas a bracket. Other suspension means may also be used to dispose thecombined strobe and grow light system 100 adjacent to the plant. Thecombined strobe and grow light system 100 may also be disposed to a sideof the plant, or underneath the plant, as desired. Other locations forthe combined strobe and grow light system 100 relative to the plant mayalso be used.

Embodiments of the invention may include a plurality of combined strobeand grow light systems 100 disposed above a plurality of the members ofthe Plantae and Protista Kingdoms. Each of the combined strobe and growlight systems 100 may be independently operated, or may be operated inunison, as desired. Embodiments of the invention may be employed in agreenhouse, for example, where the members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms are being cultivated. Embodiments of the invention may also beemployed in other areas where the members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms are being cultivated, for example, in an open field in whichthe combined strobe and grow light system 100 has been deployed. Wherethe combined strobe and grow light system 100 is used in the open field,the combined strobe and grow light system 100 may be suspended fromstakes driven into the ground or hung from a framework disposed over themembers of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms in the field. One ofordinary skill in the art may select alternative means for disposing thecombined strobe and grow light system 100 adjacent to the members of thePlantae and Protista Kingdoms, as desired.

For example, the user may program the combined strobe and grow lightsystem 100 to display the strobe assembly 104 for a predetermined periodof time each day. The user may also program the number of flashes persecond, the light color, and the brightness, as non-limiting examples.According to certain embodiments, the user may have a plurality ofpredetermined settings programmed using the integrated lighting controlsystem 110. The strobe assembly 104 may function automatically accordingto predetermined settings and/or the user may manually select settingsfor the strobe assembly 104, as desired.

Likewise, the grow light 106 may be programmed to be automaticallyactivated during certain times with variable characteristics relating tobrightness and light color. For example, the grow light 106 may beturned on to provide ambient light so that the strobe assembly 104strobing is not visually apparent to the user while the grow light 106is operating. In another example, the strobe assembly 104 may be turnedoff while the grow light 106 is turned on. According to certainembodiments, the user may have a plurality of predetermined settingsprogrammed using the integrated lighting control system 110. The growlight 106 may function automatically according to predetermined settingsand/or the user may manually select settings for the grow light 106, asdesired.

Advantageously, the user can use the strobe assembly 104 and the growlight 106 in concert with one another and/or independently from oneanother, as desired, using one or any combination of preprogrammedsettings, manual settings, and adaptive control. Additionally, optimalplant growth settings may be used to increase and optimize plant andflower production.

A method of growing and inspecting members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms using the combined strobe and grow light system 100 includes afirst step of providing at least one combined strobe and grow lightsystem 100. A second step includes electrically connecting one or morecombined strobe and grow light system 100 to a power source and/or toanother combined strobe and grow light system 100. A third step includespositioning the combined strobe and grow light system 100 above, nextto, and/or below one or more members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms. A fourth step includes activating the strobe assembly 104and/or the grow light 106 of the combined strobe and grow light system100.

An additional step may include providing preprogrammed settings oradaptive control for one or both of the strobe assembly 104 and the growlight 106 using the integrated lighting control system 110. Settings mayrelate to flashing frequency, brightness, color, and timing, asnon-limiting examples. Another additional step may include manuallycontrolling one or both of the strobe assembly 104 and the grow light106, as desired. It should be understood that a skilled artisan mayinclude additional steps in any such method and may perform the steps inany desired order as well as any desired number of times.

Photon Source—Pulsed Xenon Lighting (PXL)

Embodiments of the invention use pulsed xenon lighting (PXL) incombination with a grow light as an enhancer for photosyntheticfunctions. PXL addresses two markets: growers seeking solutions torising food insecurities that are coupled with declining crop quality,and growers seeking solutions for lowering their carbon footprint.

PXL addresses the global energy crisis in controlled environmentagriculture (CEA) and lowers production costs, increasing plantproductivity, yield, and quality while mitigating the carbon footprintassociated with conventional lighting technology. PXL also optimizes theuse of lighting in CEA where shade coverings are used to reduceenvironmental heat. The use of pulse lighting reduces the energyrequired for cooling when high-pressure sodium (HPS) and LED lightssource are also employed in the CEA. Due to co-lighting LED and PXL(combining) a lower amount of photons from LED lighting are required.This higher efficiency reduces the energy required for operation andcooling.

In embodiments of the invention, PXL is a new luminous power source thatprovides the full range of visible light spectra (400-800 nm) bymimicking sunlight in a sunfleck (dappled) pattern by exciting xenon gasinside of an enclosed glass tube in instantaneous pulsed sequences. Thepulse penetrates the plant leaf and stems containing chlorophyll, orphoton processing Protista, that provide the energy required for growthby enhancing photosynthetic plant functions and greatly reducingproduction energy consumption. The pulse also allows the plant toprocess the photosynthesis reaction before the next flash. The pulsedlighting sequences reduce energy consumption by up to 90%, and thismakes it an excellent application when operated by solar or wind power(other forms of green energy), thus reducing carbon footprint.

PXL is used as a method for regulating photosynthetic efficiency throughepigenetic regulation that includes the use of an electromagneticspectrum stroboscopic photon source. A method for regulating crop andvarietal specific intensity, wavelength, and duration requirements isneeded to maximize photosynthetic efficiency, depending on growinglocation, production schedule, and technique. PXL mimics sunfleck, whichincreases the plant's photon exposure without the side effect of heatdamage. PXL delivers high-intensity pulses with xenon gas. PXL engagesphotosynthetic pathways which allow for optimized photosynthesis.

Micro-doses of peak performance radiance wavelengths are produced from astroboscopic photon source that simulates the wind-induced dapplingeffect of sunlight under a tree canopy, known as sunfleck. Sunflecksaccount for as much as 80% of the photons that reach members of thePlantae and Protista Kingdoms in the understory, and up to 35% of carbonfixation. The stroboscopic photon source is used to providepeak-performance photons to a leaf canopy in a greenhouse, shade house,hoop house, Quonset, or controlled environmental agriculture system, forup to 24 hours/per day. The stroboscopic photon source initiates,stabilizes, and regulates steady-state photosynthetic induction andrelaxation through light modulation, allowing for maximized efficiencyand robust expression of genes controlling qualitative and quantitativephenotypic traits. The photon source allows for control, regulation, andmodification of phenotypic expression in members of the Plantae andProtista Kingdoms, including root development, internode spacing,branching development, flower set, early maturing, yield increases,phenolic compound increases, and quality enhancements both qualitativelyand quantitatively.

The pulsed stroboscopic photon source uses Xenon, Krypton, or inertgasses inside a glass tube, with or without a filter, to create aninstantaneous reaction with peak photon performance. The photon sourcehas an electromagnetic spectrum range from 50 nm-2200 nm. Sunfleckmicro-dosing occurs when the stroboscopic photon source pulses in randomor synchronized sequences and photons are delivered to the surface ofthe leaf canopies where the source can be adjusted by height increments.

Each pulse cycle or exposure time consists of an energy trigger pulse,the flash where instantaneous PPF is reached, and a decay period wherePPF returns to zero. The energy trigger pulse initiates the ionizationof the inert gas with a pulse width of 10 μsec to 350 μsec for a strobelight with an input of 3 to 400 watts (W) and an output of 450 to 8,500watts (W) in peak radiant flux, which includes the light produced in thevisible and electromagnetic spectrum (Red, Far-Red, IR, Green, Blue,UVA. UVB). The initial flash period is defined as the time from triggerto the point after peak PPF that is 50% of PPF and a decay period thatis two to seven times the length of the flash period.

To enhance the sunfleck effect, micro-dosing micro-burst flashes can beadded into the decay period of the pulse cycle where the initial primaryflash (Pf), which is defined as the flash having the highest PPF, isfollowed by one or more additional micro-burst flashes (Af), each havinga lower PPF. For example, 80 primary flashes (Pf) become 160 flasheswhen one micro-burst flash (Af) is added to each primary flash (Pf), 240flashes when two micro-burst flashes (Af) are added is added to eachprimary flash (Pf), 320 flashes when three micro-burst flashes(Af) areadded to each primary flash (Pf), etc.. The number of micro-burstflashes within the pulse cycle can be between one and eight. In othercases, the flash process sequence can be reversed or randomized where ablend of all flashes occurs within a total pulse cycle.

The photon source can be installed where multiple fixtures are havingpulsed beam overlap that provides a variety of densities and adds tototal light output, intensity, and watts. The photon source can haveopen sides to the fixture to supply peak performance photons to verticalleaf canopies (leaf wall). The photon source provides a low-heat lightsource for use in controlled-environment agriculture (CEA). The photonsource provides a low energy use light source for use incontrolled-environment agriculture (CEA). The photon source provides theelectromagnetic spectrum needed for activation and maximized symbiosisof the Microorganisms (endophytes) within the plant and photosyntheticfunctions of the plant or Protista. The photon source provides theelectromagnetic spectrum needed for the activation of photoreceptorsthat transition between states absorbing red light (Pr) and far-redlight (Pfr), thus expanding the spectral range of optogenetics to thenear-infrared range. The photon source provides the visibleelectromagnetic spectrum captured by chlorophylls, carotenoids, flavins,pterins, anthocyanins, bilins, and others within an organism(endophytes) located inside the plant. The photon source uses lightmodulation to influence quorum sensing versatile chemical signalingmolecules called autoinducers, which regulate gene expression.

Embodiments of the invention provide a method for regulatingphotosynthetic efficiency through epigenetic regulation that includesthe use of an electromagnetic spectrum stroboscopic photon source thatproduces intense pulsed light occurrences.

Embodiments of the invention provide a method for regulating crop andvarietal-specific intensity, wavelength, and duration requirementsneeded to maximize photosynthetic efficiency, depending on growinglocation, production schedule, and technique.

In embodiments of the invention, the stroboscopic photon sourceinitiates, stabilizes, and regulates steady-state photosyntheticinduction and relaxation through light modulation, allowing formaximized photosynthetic efficiency and robust expression of genescontrolling qualitative and quantitative phenotypic traits. The photonsource allows for control, regulation, and modification of phenotypicexpression in members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms, includingroot development, internode spacing, branching development, flower set,early maturing, yield increases, phenolic compound increases, andquality enhancements both qualitatively and quantitatively.

In embodiments of the invention, the pulsed stroboscopic photon sourceuses Xenon, Krypton, or inert gasses inside a glass or quartz tube, withor without a filter, to generate intense pulsed photon events through aninstantaneous reaction with peak performance, producing micro-doses ofintense light. In embodiments of the invention, the photon source has anelectromagnetic spectrum range from 50 nm-2200 nm (defined as 50 to 350UV, 400 to 700 visible, 700 to 800 far red, 800 to 2200 infrared).

In embodiments of the invention micro-doses of peak performanceelectromagnetic spectrum radiance wavelengths are produced from astroboscopic photon source that simulates the wind-induced dapplingeffect of sunlight under a tree canopy, known as sunfleck. Inembodiments of the invention, the photon source pulses in random orsynchronized sequences in short, micro-dosing exposure times, from 0.01milliseconds to 10 milliseconds per flash. In embodiments of theinvention, the photon source delivers 13,754.5 μmol/s⁻¹ peak PPFinstantaneous photons at one meter. In embodiments of the invention, thephoton source delivers 17.55×10²¹ photons per square meter at one meter.In embodiments of the invention, a photon source has a PPF instantaneousefficiency of 333.43 PPF/W (strobe assembly fixture) at one meter.

In embodiments of the invention, the photon source is a point sourcefocused intense light source that delivers 533.390-88,348.78 range ofinstantaneous PPFD to the surface of the leaf canopies when the sourceis adjusted by height increments from seven feet to one foot. This datapertains an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Those skilled in theart will appreciate that this value varies for different fixtures, etc.

In embodiments of the invention, the stroboscopic photon source is usedto provide peak-performance photons to a leaf canopy in environmentalagriculture systems, for up to 24 hours/per day. The point source lensallows for the photon source to be installed and arranged to wheremultiple fixtures have pulsed beam overlap that provides a variety ofdensities and adds to total light output, intensity, and watts. Inembodiments of the invention, the photon source can have open sides tothe fixture allowing for up to 360 degrees of peak-performance photonsto vertical leaf canopies (leaf wall).

The photon source provides a low-heat light source for use incontrolled-environment agriculture (CEA). The photon source provides alow energy use light source for use in controlled-environmentagriculture (CEA).

Embodiments of the invention combine a photon source and grow light.FIG. 8 is a graph showing the electromagnetic spectrum for lightproduced by the grow light 800 superimposed over the spectrum of photonsproduced by the photo source 810. In FIG. 8 , the grow light provides anear-constant source of illumination to the plant at lower wavelengths(˜400-800 nm) while the photon source provides micro-doses of pulsedlight at higher wavelengths (˜400-1010 nm and, most particularly, from812-1010 nm). In embodiments of the invention, the grow light providesthe light required for growth in a low-light or no-light environment.The strobe optimizes the light provided to the members of the Plantaeand Protista Kingdoms whether the light is provided from the sun or fromgrow lights.

EXAMPLES Example 1

A stroboscopic growing light with a peak performance peak-to-timeaverage ratio of 2424.5, where the peak-to-time average ratio is theratio between the PPFD over the span of a second and the peak PPFDmeasured instantaneously.

A. Flashes per minute: 1-550 flashes per minute @ 50-60 Hz. Inembodiments of the invention the photon source is flashing at 1.3milliseconds; in 24 hours the members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms are only exposed to about 2.496 minutes of light.

B. Input voltage of fixtures may be alternating current (AC) or directcurrent (DC).

C. Wattage: 30 Watts in an exemplary strobe assembly embodiment of theinvention. Adjusting this value affects time to average ratio, e.g.within a range of 3-75 watts, the selected value affects the time toaverage through intensity output and PPFD.

D. A micro-dose of light with a flash duration of 1.3 milliseconds.Adjusting this number affects time to average ratio, e.g. within a rangeof 0.01-10 milliseconds, the selected value affects the time to averagethrough longer flash and increases the PPFD average over a seconddecreasing the instantaneous PPFD over a second, thus lowering the timeto average during a second.

E. Light recipes can be adjusted by one skilled in the art depending onlighting requirements and desired outcome.

Examples of varying numbers of sequential flashes of the same intensity:

-   -   A flash of 1.5 milliseconds with an off period of 750        milliseconds resulting in approximately 80 flashes per minute.    -   A primary flash (Pf) of 0.75 milliseconds with a secondary flash        (Af) of 0.75 milliseconds with an off period of 750 milliseconds        resulting in approximately 160 flashes per minute.    -   A primary flash (Pf) of 0.5 milliseconds with a secondary flash        (Af) of 0.5 milliseconds a third flash (Af) of 0.5 milliseconds        with an off period of 750 milliseconds resulting in        approximately 240 flashes per minute.    -   A primary flash (Pf) of 0.375 milliseconds with a secondary        flash (Af) of 0.375 milliseconds, a third flash (Af) of 0.375        milliseconds a 4th flash (Af) of 0.375 milliseconds with an off        period of 750 milliseconds resulting in approximately 320        flashes per minute.

Examples of varying numbers of sequential flashes with each flashdiminishing in intensity:

-   -   A flash of 1.5 milliseconds with an off period of 750        milliseconds resulting in approximately 80 flashes per minute.    -   A primary (Pf) 60-watt flash of 0.75 milliseconds with a        secondary (Af) 30-watt flash of 0.75 milliseconds with an off        period of 750 milliseconds resulting in approximately 160        flashes per minute.    -   A primary (Pf) 60-watt flash of 0.5 milliseconds with a        secondary (Af) 30-watt flash of 0.5 milliseconds a third (Af)        15-watt flash of 0.5 milliseconds with an off period of 750        milliseconds resulting in approximately 240 flashes per minute.    -   A primary (Pf) 60-watt flash of 0.375 milliseconds with a        secondary (Af) 30-watt flash of 0.375 milliseconds a third (Af)        15-watt flash of 0.375 milliseconds a 4th (Af) 7.5-watt flash of        0.375 milliseconds with an off period of 750 milliseconds        resulting in approximately 320 flashes per minute.

Examples of varying off periods in between flashes:

-   -   A flash of 1.5 milliseconds with an off period of 375        milliseconds resulting in approximately 160 flashes per minute.    -   A flash of 1.5 milliseconds with an off period of 250        milliseconds resulting in approximately 240 flashes per minute.    -   A flash of 1.5 milliseconds with an off period of 187.5        milliseconds resulting in approximately 320 flashes per minute.

Flashes could also be randomized to vary the intensity and frequency offlashes.

F. A lens type on the bulb is polycarbonate. Because an IR filter can beadded to remove PPFD, there is no time to average to measure.

G. Xenon gas in the bulb, or any inert gas such as krypton or any gasthat can provide a spectrum similar to the sun.

H. Instantaneous peak-to-time mimics sunfleck or dappled lighting.

I. Little to no production heat due to instantaneous power, and lowwattage.

J. With or without an LED grow light for additional PPFD.

When the strobe assembly is supplemented with LED, fluorescent, HPS, orother grow light sources, with the strobe assembly in a dark room, themembers of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms grow. Adding the LED to thestrobe increases the continuous PPFD of the combined light. The PPFD ofthe strobe is low on an average, with the LED it remains sufficient forplant growth.

K. Daily light integral (DLI) is the amount of Photosynthetically activeradiation (PAR) received each day as a function of light intensity(instantaneous light: μmol·m-2·s-1) and duration (day). It is expressedas moles of light (mol) per square meter (m-2) per day (d-1), or:mol·m-2·d-1 (moles per day).

The 30-watt xenon strobe has a daily light integral (DLI) at 4 ft withan average instantaneous PPFD average of 2,933.645 for 24 hours(independent testing facility). The duration of light exposure in a24-hour period is 2.496 minutes (149.76 seconds) with an instantaneousPPFD average of 2,933.645 μmol/m²/s (438,830.152 μmol/m²).

Convert the units to mol/m²/day: 438,830.152 μmol/m²*(1 mol/1,000,000μmol)*(60 seconds/1 minute)*(60 minutes/1 hour)*(24 hours/1 day)=18.95mol/m²/day of DLI.

With an instantaneous PPFD of 2,933.645 μmol/m²/s at 4 ft provided for2.496 minutes, the estimated DLI is approximately 18.95 mol/m²/day.

Ideal DLI ranges for different growing different categories of plantsare as follows:

-   -   1. Low-light plants, e.g. ferns, some tropical foliage plants:        DLI Range: 5-10 mol/m²/day;    -   2. Medium-light plants, e.g. some herbs, leafy greens: DLI        Range: 10-20 mol/m²/day;    -   3. High-light plants, e.g. fruits, vegetables, flowering plants:        DLI Range: 20-40+ mol/m²/day.

Example 2

A stroboscopic growing light with high-intensity full spectrumwavelengths with 50% total power coming from IR, 50% coming from visiblewavelengths. This is the natural spectrum of a Xenon bulb without afilter. A filter can be added to reduce the amount of IR or visiblelight that passes through the filter.

A. Wavelength 50 nm to 2200 nm.

B. Point Source Lens type can be adjusted with a filter or a speciallymanufactured lens material to affect the wavelength provided to membersof the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms. An IR filter can be added to thelens that does not allow visible wavelengths to pass through, such thatall that the plants receive is IR wavelengths. This can also be done inreverse where all that the plants receive are visible wavelengths. Bluelight, red light, and green light filters, etc. can also be used.

C. Bulb type can be adjusted to affect the wavelength provided tomembers of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms. For example, changing fromglass to quartz modifies the wavelengths slightly, e.g. this removes UV.

D. Unique spectrum only provided by stroboscopic light has an influenceon phenotypic expression in members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms.

E. UVA and UVB benefits members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms bypromoting photomorphogenesis, e.g. UVB triggers secondary metaboliteproduction,

F. Far-red and IR benefits members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdomsby penetrating deeper into the leaf strata for photosynthesis, and bytriggering flowers through phytochromes.

G. With or without an LED grow light,

Example 3

A stroboscopic growing light is used as a method for regulatingphotosynthetic functions in members of the Plantae and ProtistaKingdoms.

A. An enhancer for photosynthetic functions.

B. Mimics sunfleck through light modulation.

C. Affects priming, induction, and relaxation of photosyntheticprocesses.

D. Pulse influences the circadian rhythm of members of the Plantae andProtista Kingdoms.

E. High-intensity PPFD penetrates entire leaf strata.

F. Little to no production heat due to instantaneous power allows forexposure to high PPFD.

G. Light modulation affects quorum sensing and the microorganisms withina plant, i.e. the photon source uses light modulation to influencequorum sensing versatile chemical signaling molecules calledautoinducers, which regulate gene expression. This is how cells talk toeach other using autoinducers.

H. Light modulation affects ATP production.

I. With or without an LED grow light for added benefits.

J. Specific duty cycles that are crop/varietal specific for ideal lightexposure. For example, Cannabis can be grown with an LED indoors: 24hours with an LED and a strobe at seedling stage, 24 hours with an LEDand a strobe at veg 1 stage, 18 hours with an LED and 24 hours with astrobe at veg 2, 12 hours with an LED and a strobe during floweringthrough harvest. Tomatoes can be grown without an LED in a greenhouse,24 hours during seedling, and vegetative, 18 hours during flower throughharvest. Varietal type, geographical location, time of year, andproduction system will dictate lighting cycles.

As used herein, disclosures of ranges are, unless specified otherwise,inclusive of endpoints and include all distinct values and furtherdivided ranges within the entire range. Thus, for example, a range of“from A to B” or “from about A to about B” is inclusive of A and of B.Disclosure of values and ranges of values for specific parameters (suchas amounts, weight percentages, etc.) are not exclusive of other valuesand ranges of values useful herein. It is envisioned that two or morespecific exemplified values for a given parameter can define endpointsfor a range of values that can be claimed for the parameter. Forexample, if Parameter X is exemplified herein to have value A and alsoexemplified to have value Z, it is envisioned that Parameter X can havea range of values from about A to about Z. Similarly, it is envisionedthat disclosure of two or more ranges of values for a parameter (whethersuch ranges are nested, overlapping, or distinct) subsume all possiblecombination of ranges for the value that might be claimed usingendpoints of the disclosed ranges. For example, if Parameter X isexemplified herein to have values in the range of 1-10, or 2-9, or 3-8,it is also envisioned that Parameter X can have other ranges of valuesincluding 1-9, 1-8, 1-3, 1-2, 2-10, 2-8, 2-3, 3-10, 3-9, and so on.

The language used in the specification has been principally selected forreadability and instructional purposes. It may not have been selected todelineate or circumscribe the subject matter. It is therefore intendedthat the scope of the technology be limited not by this DetailedDescription, but rather by any claims that issue on an application basedhereon. Accordingly, the disclosure of various embodiments is intendedto be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the technology asset forth in the following claims.

1. A method for regulating photosynthetic efficiency in members of thePlantae and Protista Kingdoms, comprising: positioning anelectromagnetic spectrum stroboscopic photon source proximate to saidmembers of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms, producing a plurality ofmicro-doses of intense pulsed light with said electromagnetic spectrumstroboscopic photon source in random or synchronized sequences, eachmicro-dose having an exposure time from about 0.01 milliseconds to about10 milliseconds within an electromagnetic spectrum range from about 50nm to about 2200 nm.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each micro-dosecomprises: a pulse cycle comprising an energy trigger pulse, a flash inwhich instantaneous PPF is reached, and a decay period where PPF returnsto zero.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the energy trigger pulseinitiates ionization of inert gas within said stroboscopic photon sourcewith a trigger pulse width of 10 μsec to 350 μsec for a strobe lightwith an input of 3 to 400 watts (W) and an output of 450 to 8,500 watts(W) in peak radiant flux, which includes light produced in the visibleand electromagnetic spectrum (Red, Far-Red, IR, Green, Blue, UVA. UVB).4. The method of claim 2, wherein the initial flash period comprises atime from trigger to a point after peak PPF substantially comprising 50%of PPF.
 5. The method of claim 2, wherein said decay period comprisestwo to seven times the length of the flash period.
 6. The method ofclaim 2, further comprising: adding micro-burst flashes into the decayperiod of the pulse cycle where the initial primary flash (Pf), which isdefined as the flash having the highest PPF, is followed by one or moreadditional micro-burst flashes (Af), each having a lower PPF to enhancea sunfleck effect.
 7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:reversing or randomizing the pulse cycle, wherein a blend of all flashesoccurs within a total pulse cycle.
 8. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising any of: said micro-doses of intense pulsed light produced bysaid stroboscopic photon source initiating, stabilizing, and regulatingsteady-state photosynthetic induction and relaxation in said members ofthe Plantae and Protista Kingdoms; said micro-doses of intense pulsedlight produced by said stroboscopic photon source maximizingphotosynthetic efficiency and robust expression of genes controllingqualitative and quantitative phenotypic traits in said members of thePlantae and Protista Kingdoms; said micro-doses of intense pulsed lightproduced by said stroboscopic photon source affecting control,regulation, and modification of phenotypic expression in members of thePlantae and Protista Kingdoms, including root development, internodespacing, branching development, flower set, early maturing, yieldincreases, phenolic compound increases, and quality enhancements bothqualitatively and quantitatively; and said micro-doses of intense pulsedlight produced by said stroboscopic photon source within a portion ofthe electromagnetic spectrum activating photoreceptors that influenceoptogenetics and maximizing symbiosis of microorganisms (endophyte)within members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms and photosyntheticfunctions of the members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms.
 9. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: said micro-doses of intensepulsed light produced by said stroboscopic photon source within saidvisible electromagnetic spectrum are captured by chlorophylls,carotenoids, flavins, pterins, anthocyanins, bilins, and other necessarypigments within an organism (endophyte) that is located inside theplant.
 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: said micro-dosesof intense pulsed light produced by said stroboscopic photon sourceusing light modulation to influence quorum sensing versatile chemicalsignaling molecules which regulate gene expression in said members ofthe Plantae and Protista Kingdoms.
 11. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: operating said stroboscopic photon source to deliver between1,000 and 150,000 Horticultural peak PPF instantaneous photons with aninput of between 3 and 400 watts.
 12. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: operating said stroboscopic photon source as a point sourcefocused intense light source that delivers 50-400,000 PPFD photons tothe surface of the leaf canopies when the source is adjusted by heightincrements falling in a range where the fixture is located one inch toseven feet from the surface of the leaf canopy.
 13. The method of claim1, further comprising: operating a grow light in conjunction with saidstroboscopic photon source, said grow light positioned proximate to saidmembers of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms.
 14. The method of claim 1,further comprising: providing a lens and a reflector to focus light in acondensed pattern; and adjusting said lens to affect a wavelengthprovided to the members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms. 15.Apparatus for regulating photosynthetic efficiency in members of thePlantae and Protista Kingdoms, comprising: an electromagnetic spectrumstroboscopic photon source adapted to be positioned proximate to saidmembers of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms, said stroboscopic photonsource producing a plurality of micro-doses of intense pulsed light inrandom or synchronized sequences, each micro-dose having an exposuretime from about 0.01 milliseconds to about 10 milliseconds within anelectromagnetic spectrum range from about 50 nm to about 2200 nm. 16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein each micro-dose comprises: a pulsecycle comprising an energy trigger pulse, a flash in which instantaneousPPF is reached, and a decay period where PPF returns to zero.
 17. Theapparatus of claim 16, wherein the energy trigger pulse initiatesionization of inert gas within said stroboscopic photon source with atrigger pulse width of 10 μsec to 350 μsec for a strobe light with aninput of 3 to 400 watts (W) and an output of 450 to 8,500 watts (W) inpeak radiant flux, which includes light produced in the visible andelectromagnetic spectrum (Red, Far-Red, IR, Green, Blue, UVA. UVB). 18.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the initial flash period comprises atime from trigger to a point after peak PPF substantially comprising 50%of PPF.
 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said decay periodcomprises two to seven times the length of the flash period.
 20. Theapparatus of claim 16, further comprising: micro-burst flashes addedinto the decay period of the pulse cycle where the initial primary flash(Pf), which is defined as the flash having the highest PPF, is followedby one or more additional micro-burst flashes (Af), each having a lowerPPF to enhance a sunfleck effect.
 21. The apparatus of claim 15, furthercomprising any of: said stroboscopic photon source producing saidmicro-doses of intense pulsed light, said micro-doses of intense pulsedlight initiating, stabilizing, and regulating steady-statephotosynthetic induction and relaxation in said members of the Plantaeand Protista Kingdoms, said stroboscopic photon source producing saidmicro-doses of intense pulsed light, said micro-doses of intense pulsedlight maximizing photosynthetic efficiency and robust expression ofgenes controlling qualitative and quantitative phenotypic traits in saidmembers of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms; said stroboscopic photonsource producing said micro-doses of intense pulsed light, saidmicro-doses of intense pulsed light affecting control, regulation, andmodification of phenotypic expression in members of the Plantae andProtista Kingdoms, including root development, internode spacing,branching development, flower set, early maturing, yield increases,phenolic compound increases, and quality enhancements both qualitativelyand quantitatively; and said stroboscopic photon source producing saidmicro-doses of intense pulsed light, said micro-doses of intense pulsedlight activating photoreceptors that influence optogenetics andmaximizing symbiosis of microorganisms (endophyte) within members of thePlantae and Protista Kingdoms and photosynthetic functions of themembers of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms.
 22. The apparatus of claim15, wherein said stroboscopic photon source has a peak performancepeak-to-time average ratio of between 50-8000 and preferably 2424.5 fora 30-watt strobe assembly.
 23. The apparatus of claim 15, furthercomprising: said stroboscopic photon source producing 1-550 andpreferably 80 flashes per minute at between 50-60 Hz.
 24. The apparatusof claim 15, further comprising: said stroboscopic photon source havinga 3-400 watt strobe light Watt input and preferably 30 Watts.
 25. Theapparatus of claim 15, further comprising: said stroboscopic photonsource producing an exposure time of 0.01-10 milliseconds, andpreferably 1.30 milliseconds for a 30-watt strobe assembly.
 26. Theapparatus of claim 15, further comprising: said stroboscopic photonsource comprising a filter; wherein said filter type is selected toaffect a wavelength of light provided to said members of the Plantae andProtista Kingdoms.
 27. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising: anLED or other grow lights including, but not limited to, HPS, HID LPS,fluorescent, or Incandescent.
 28. The apparatus of claim 15, furthercomprising: said stroboscopic photon source producing light havinghigh-intensity full spectrum wavelengths with 1%-75% total power from IRand 1%-90% total power from visible wavelengths, and up to 5% combinedtotal from UVA and UVB.
 29. The apparatus of claim 19, furthercomprising: an LED or other grow light operating in conjunction withsaid stroboscopic photon source, said grow light positioned proximate tosaid members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms.
 30. A method forregulating photosynthetic functions in members of the Plantae andProtista Kingdoms, comprising: producing a plurality of micro-doses ofintense pulsed light with an electromagnetic spectrum stroboscopicphoton source in random or synchronized sequences, each micro-dosehaving an exposure time from 0.01 milliseconds to 10 milliseconds withinan electromagnetic spectrum range from 50 nm-2200 nm; wherein saidstroboscopic photon source produces modulated light for operation as anyof: an enhancer for photosynthetic functions in said members of thePlantae and Protista Kingdoms; to mimic sunfleck through lightmodulation; to affect priming, induction and relaxation ofphotosynthetic processes within a plant; to influence a circadian rhythmof members of the Plantae and Protista Kingdoms; to affect quorumsensing and microorganisms within a plant; and to affect ATP productionwithin a plant.